Back to all reports

以太坊研究日报

Ethereum Research Daily

A benchmark on ethresear showed that if privacy apps like Tornado Cash and RAILGUN want to use frame transactions to drop offchain relayers, their minimum validation cost is 211,828 gas, above the public mempool's 100k `MAX_VERIFY_GAS`; the author suggests raising it to at least 250k. On accounts, ERC-8403 proposes a standard for adding, rotating and revoking authorities on native AA accounts, and EIP-8130 adds an optional checkpointed keystore. In the evening, ACDC #186 confirmed October 6 as the Sepolia target.

Image for September 3, 2026

Image: ethresear.ch, EIP-8141 and minimum required validation budget for privacy applications

The validation budget for privacy apps in the public mempool

ethresear.ch: EIP-8141 and the minimum required validation budget for privacy applications

06:14 (mmjahanara). Privacy apps could use frame transactions to drop offchain relayers and gain strong censorship resistance, but only if their transactions can propagate through the public mempool, whose validation budget is capped at `MAX_VERIFY_GAS = 100k`. Measuring Groth16 verification, a single-note spend needs at least 211,828 gas and the largest deployed one (spending and nullifying eight notes) at least 351,828 gas; the author recommends raising the cap to at least 250k. The cap counts proof verification execution, the signature validation intrinsic cost and EIP-8250's keyed nonce first-use charge.

https://ethresear.ch/t/eip-8141-and-minimum-required-validation-budget-for-privacy-applications/25889

Authority management for native AA accounts

Magicians: ERC-8403 account authority lifecycle

03:10 (AnkushinDaniil). It defines how an authority on a native AA account (a signing key, or a predicate such as a lock or a limit) is added, rotated and revoked. Each authority is a leaf in a committed tree whose root the account publishes; a transaction carries a membership proof, and the account verifies it in its own authorization step and withholds authorization on failure.

https://ethereum-magicians.org/t/erc-8403-account-authority-lifecycle/29570

EIP-8130: optional checkpointed keystore

(pedrouid). It adds a permanent checkpointed keystore mode for non-admin actors, while admins remain onchain and independently co-authorize successor states, so a checkpointer cannot grant authority on its own; one root approval can cover a batch of keys with different authenticators, expiries and policies and be reused across transactions.

https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/pull/12293

Other updates

Community